生物信息学分析IGF-2R在乳腺癌中的作用机制

目的 确定IGF-2R基因对乳腺癌的调控作用,挖掘参与乳腺癌发生发展潜在的基因及通路。方法 利用“GEOquery”、“idmap2.0”、“limma”、“Clusterprolifer”等R包筛选乳腺肿瘤组织与正常组织的差异表达基因,并进行GO和KEGG分析。STRING、GEPIA和UALACN数据库绘制蛋白互作网络,分析IGF-2R基因与乳腺癌Hub基因的相关性,以及IGF2R表达水平与乳腺癌患者基本情况的相关性。结果 筛选得到128个上调差异表达基因,256个下调差异表达基因；IGF-2R基因与核心基因ASPM、RRM2相关性显著；IGF-2R基因表达水平在乳腺癌组织中显著降低(P<0.05)；IGF-2R表达水平与患者年龄(20-80岁)、临床分期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)、绝经情况和淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05)。IGF-2R基因的表达水平仅在Luminal型(LuminalA型、Luminal B-HER2阴性型)乳腺癌中显著降低(P<0.05)。结论IGF-2R通过与ASPM和RRM2正相关参与乳腺癌的调控作用,有望为乳腺癌的防治提供新的思路。     

补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕作用机制研究

目的探讨补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕的作用机制。方法体外培养成纤维细胞,按随机数字表法分为正常组(培养正常成纤维细胞)、瘢痕组(培养增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞)、TGF-β1组(10 ng/ml TGF-β1处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞5 min^12 h)、Smurf2 RNA干扰组[Smad泛素化调节因子2(Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor2,Smurf2)siRNA转染增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞72 h]、补骨脂素组(10μmol/L补骨脂素处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞继续培养72 h)、补骨脂素+TGF-β1组(增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞加入补骨脂素培养72 h后加入TGF-β1培养6 h)。采用Western blot法检测Smurf2、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-actin SMA,α-SMA)蛋白表达;RT-PCR法检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达;ELISA法检测TGF-β1蛋白分泌。结果与正常组比较,瘢痕组Smurf2蛋白[(0.83±0.08)比(0.38±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);与瘢痕组比较,Smurf2 RNA干扰组TGF-β1[(2.2±0.18)比(4.2±0.47)]表达降低(P<0.05);TGF-β1组Smurf2[(0.71±0.06)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(1.42±0.12)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达增加(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA[(0.72±0.09)比(0.41±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);补骨脂素组Smurf2[(0.05±0.01)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(0.71±0.07)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达[(0.12±0.04)比(0.41±0.07)]降低(P<0.05)。结论补骨脂素可能通过TGF-β1/Smurf2信号通路抑制α-SMA蛋白表达,从而降低Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达,起到抑制瘢痕形成的作用。     

益气养阴活血利水法联合康柏西普对非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视网膜电图的影响

目的:观察益气养阴活血利水法联合康柏西普对非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)患者视网膜电图(ERG)的影响。方法:60例(82眼)NPDR患者,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组30例(40眼)玻璃体腔注射康柏西普,每月1次,治疗组30例(42眼)在对照组的基础上加用益气养阴活血利水中药口服治疗。治疗3个月后,观察两组患者BCVA、ERG,OCT检测两组患者CMT情况。结果:两组患者治疗前后不同时间BCVA、暗适应及明适应ab波振幅、CMT差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后不同时间两组患者BCVA、明暗适应ab波振幅、CMT相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:益气养阴活血利水法联合康柏西普较单纯康柏西普治疗能更好的减轻NPDR患者视网膜水肿,提高视力、暗适应及明适应a、b波振幅,降低CMT。     

Cytokine-related genes play critical roles in extrafollicular growth of follicular lymphoma cells

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a germinal center-derived B-cell lymphoma that is known to proliferate in the intrafollicular region. However, lymphoma cells can be identified in the extrafollicular regions, which are related to disease dissemination. We purified the intrafollicular and extrafollicular regions of FL cells by laser microdissection and conducted microarray analysis in order to characterize the gene expression profiles of FL cells from both regions. BCL2 and genes of germinal B-cell markers clearly separated intrafollicular and extrafollicular regions of reactive follicular hyperplasia, suggesting the adequacy of the current analysis. In FL cases, cytokine-related genes were significantly enriched in extrafollicular regions compared with those in the intrafollicular regions. In intrafollicular regions of FL, cell-cycle–related genes were enriched. We found that the FL cells in the extrafollicular region more strongly expressed IL3RA and CXCL12 than those of intrafollicular regions. The cytokines might be also derived from stroma cells in the extrafollicular regions, which may initiate activation and migration of the tumor cells to this region. Our results suggest that FL cell interaction with surrounding stroma cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of FL and that such interactions should be a good target for therapy.     

化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎疗效及血清内TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP变化的研究

目的分析化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎患者的疗效及患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的变化情况。方法选取2016年8月-2018年8月收治的活动期类风湿关节炎患者104例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(西医常规治疗)和观察组(西医常规治疗基础上联合化瘀通痹方治疗),分析两组患者治疗后的临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为92.31%(48/52),对照组为76.92%(40/52),观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前症状、体征情况组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后晨僵持续时间短于对照组,关节压痛和关节肿胀积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、葡萄糖6磷酸异构酶(GPI)、类风湿因子(RF)、血肿瘤坏死因子样配体1A(TL1A)水平组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI、RF、TL1A水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前28处关节疾病活动度(DAS28)积分组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后DAS28积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论化瘀通痹方治疗活动期类风湿关节炎可改善患者临床症状,降低患者TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI的表达水平,提高疗效。     

Activity and Toxicity of Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. Extract on BALB/c Mice Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer Model

Objective: Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr. extract (EPE) containing isoliquiritigenin and oxyresveratrol is believed to be an anticancer agent. This study evaluates colon histopathology, TNF-α, TGF-β, and hepatotoxicity on BALB/c mice colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) model treated with EPE. Methods: In vivo study was performed on BALB/c mice CAC model induced by 10 mg/kgBW AOM on the first day followed by administration that each cycle consisted of 5% DSS in water for seven days and regular water for seven days. The indicators of the formation of CAC were observed by a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and serum amyloid α (SAA) test. The treatment was conducted once a week started from the seventh week up to the twentieth week with six treatment groups: I was administrated by regular water only (negative control), II was administrated by AOM and DSS only (positive control), III was administrated by doxorubicin,  IV-VI were treated by EPE (0.25 mg/kg BW, 0.50 mg/kg BW, and 1.00 mg/kg BW) respectively. The colon and liver’s histopathology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TNF-α with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and level measurement of TGF-β colon with ELISA reader. The data were used one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc as statistical analysis. Results: The administration of EPE increased the expression of TNF-α, the total of goblet cells of the colon, and decreased the level of TGF-β. Administration of EPE 0.50 mg/20g BW decreased a liver histopathological score but induced a histopathological alteration of the liver at a dose of 1.00 mg/20g BW. Conclusion: This study indicate that EPE could be recommended as a colon anticancer through increase the goblet cells, induce apoptosis through increase TNF-α, and decrease TGF-β.     

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯对宫内生长受限大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响和机制

目的 探讨表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）对宫内生长受限（IUGR）大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响和机制。方法 采用母鼠孕期全程限食法建立IUGR大鼠模型，随机分为IUGR组和EGCG组，EGCG组大鼠在离乳后用含EGCG的饮用水喂养至10周，同时设立正常对照组，每组8只。13周龄时，测量各组大鼠体重后，采集大鼠血液及肝脏组织标本，检测各组大鼠血清空腹总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）、血糖（FPG）、胰岛素（FINS）和肝脏脂质水平，计算稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）和脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗（adipo-IR），观察肝脏组织病理切片，并采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏相关基因的相对表达水平。结果 13周龄时，各组大鼠体重比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.067）。各组间的FPG、FFA、FINS、HOMA-IR和adipo-IR水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。各组间的血清TC和TG水平比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），但在肝脏中IUGR组TC和TG水平均明显高于EGCG组（P < 0.05）。油红染色结果提示，IUGR大鼠的肝脏脂肪储积明显增加，而EGCG能够改善该现象。PCR结果显示，与对照组相比，IUGR组的Ampk mRNA及Adipor1 mRNA表达水平降低，Srebf1 mRNA表达水平增加（P < 0.05），EGCG能逆转IUGR大鼠Ampk mRNA及Srebf1 mRNA的表达水平，且与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 早期EGCG干预可能通过Ampk/Srebf1通路下调脂肪酸的从头合成，并通过改善肝细胞的胰岛素抵抗，从而降低IUGR大鼠的肝脏脂肪积累。     

蛋白激酶CβⅡ诱导上皮-间质转化及血管新生促进肝癌发展

目的 探讨蛋白激酶CβⅡ（PKCβⅡ）在肝细胞癌(HCC)发展中的作用机制。方法 免疫印迹法观察PKCβⅡ在肝细胞系L02和肝癌细胞系SK-hep1、HepG2、BEL-7404、7721、Hep3B和huh7中的表达，构建稳定高表达PKCβⅡ的细胞系，倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态变化，免疫荧光观察E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、N-钙黏蛋白（N-cadherin）表达的变化；通过免疫印迹法、实时定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)和放线菌酮（CHX）追踪实验，观察PKCβⅡ调控E-cadherin、N-cadherin和Snail表达的分子机制；小室迁移和侵袭实验(transwell assay)以及裸鼠尾静脉注射观察PKCβⅡ对肝癌细胞转移的影响；成管实验观察PKCβⅡ对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）血管形成能力的影响，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）观察PKCβⅡ对肝癌细胞上清中血管内皮生长因子A（VEGFA）含量的影响。结果 PKCβⅡ在肝癌细胞系中的表达高于肝细胞系L02，PKCβⅡ促进肝癌细胞形态从鹅卵石样上皮细胞向梭行间质样细胞的转变，通过mRNA水平下调E-cadherin（P<0.05）和上调N-cadherin（P<0.01）的蛋白表达，通过翻译水平上调Snail蛋白表达，PKCβⅡ还促进了肝癌细胞的迁移、侵袭（P<0.01）以及VEGFA的分泌（P<0.01）和血管新生（P<0.01）。结论 蛋白激酶CβⅡ诱导上皮-间质转化及血管新生在肝癌的发展中有重要作用。     

Propofol upregulates miR-320a and reduces HMGB1 by downregulating ANRIL to inhibit PTC cell malignant behaviors

BackgroundOur previous study states that propofol suppresses proliferation and migration of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells by downregulation of lncRNA ANRIL. This study intended to probe the downstream mechanism of ANRIL in PTC with potential microRNAs (miR) and genes.MethodsANRIL expression was detected in normal thyroid epithelial cells (Nthy-ori 3-1) and PTC cells (TPC-1, FTC-133, K1 and BCPAP). ANRIL expression was inhibited in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells to explore the effects of si-ANRIL in PTC malignant behaviors. The gain-and loss-of functions of ANRIL/miR-320a were performed to measure their roles in PTC. Levels of ANRIL, miR-320a, HMGB1, apoptosis- and Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways-related proteins were measured. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay were applied to verify ANRIL/miR-320a/HMGB1 relation. si-ANRIL was transplanted into xenograft tumors in nude mice.ResultsANRIL was upregulated in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells. miR-320a targeted HMGB1, and ANRIL bound to miR-320a. In TPC-1 and BCPAP cells, si-ANRIL prevented PTC cell malignant behaviors, and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways; while si-ANRIL + miR-320a inhibition showed opposite trends. Overexpressing miR-320a promoted malignant behaviors of TPC-1 cells. In 6 μg/mL propofol-treated TPC-1 cells, miR-320a inhibition weakened propofol’s inhibitory effects on PTC cell growth. After ANRIL inhibition, the volume and weight of xenograft tumors were decreased.ConclusionPropofol upregulated miR-320a and reduced HMGB1 by downregulating ANRIL and inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, thus preventing PTC cell malignant behaviors. This study may offer new insights in PTC prevention and treatment.